Basic Information

Molecular Formula: HF

Molecular Weight: 20.01

Use: Mainly used in the manufacture of inorganic fluorides, metallurgical analysis, silicon compounds analysis etc.

Specifications

Industrial hydrofluoric acid (Cas No.7664-39-3)

* The HF content range from 30% to 70% upon clients' request.

Packing: 25/230 Kg Drum; 1100 Kg IBC Drum

Anhydrous Hydrofluoric Acid

Packing: 17500/20000 Kg/ISO Tank; 680/760 Kg/Cylinder

Description

Hydrofluoric acid is a solution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) in water. It is a precursor to almost all fluorine compounds, including pharmaceuticals such as fluoxetine (Prozac), diverse materials such as PTFE (Teflon), and elemental fluorine itself. It is a colourless solution that is highly corrosive, capable of dissolving many materials, especially oxides. Its ability to dissolve glass has been known since the 17th century, even before Carl Wilhelm Scheele prepared it in large quantities in 1771. Because of its high reactivity toward glass and moderate reactivity toward many metals, hydrofluoric acid is usually stored in plastic containers (although PTFE is slightly permeable to it).

Hydrofluoric Acid Acidity

Hydrofluoric acid is classified as a weak acid because of its lower dissociation constant compared to the strong acids. It ionizes in aqueous solution in a similar fashion to other common acids:

HF + H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + F⁻

HF is the only hydrohalic acid that is not considered a strong acid, i.e. it does not fully ionize in dilute aqueous solutions.

When the concentration of HF approaches 100%, the acidity increases dramatically because of homoassociation:

3 HF ⇌ H₂F⁺ + FHF⁻

The bifluoride (FHF⁻) anion is stabilized by the very strong hydrogen–fluorine hydrogen bond.

Hydrofluoric Acid Production

Hydrofluoric acid is produced by treatment of the mineral fluorite (CaF₂) with concentrated sulfuric acid. When combined at 265 °C, these two substances react to produce hydrogen fluoride and calcium sulfate according to the following chemical equation:

CaF₂ + H₂SO₄ → 2 HF + CaSO₄

Although bulk fluorite is a suitable precursor and a major source of world HF production, HF is also produced as a by-product of the production of phosphoric acid, which is derived from the mineral apatite. Apatite sources typically contain a few percent of fluoroapatite, acid digestion of which releases gaseous stream consisting of sulfur dioxide (from the H₂SO₄), water, and HF, as well as particulates. After separation from the solids, the gases are treated with sulfuric acid and oleum to afford anhydrous HF. Owing to the corrosive nature of HF, its production is accompanied by the dissolution of silicate minerals, and, in this way, significant amounts of fluorosilicic acid are generated.

Hydrofluoric Acid Uses

Hydrofluoric acid has a variety of uses in industry and research. It is used as a starting material or intermediate in industrial chemistry, mining, refining, glass finishing, silicon chip manufacturing, and in cleaning.

Oil Refining

In a standard oil refinery process known as alkylation, isobutane is alkylated with low-molecular-weight alkenes (primarily a mixture of propylene and butylene) in the presence of the strong acid catalyst derived from hydrofluoric acid. The catalyst protonates the alkenes (propylene, butylene) to produce reactive carbocations, which alkylate isobutane. The reaction is carried out at mild temperatures (0 and 30 °C) in a two-phase reaction.

Production of Organofluorine Compounds

The principal use of hydrofluoric acid is in organofluorine chemistry. Many organofluorine compounds are prepared using HF as the fluorine source, including Teflon, fluoropolymers, fluorocarbons, and refrigerants such as freon.

Production of Fluorides

Most high-volume inorganic fluoride compounds are prepared from hydrofluoric acid. Foremost are Na₃AlF₆, cryolite, and AlF₃, aluminium trifluoride. A molten mixture of these solids serves as a high-temperature solvent for the production of metallic aluminium. Given concerns about fluorides in the environment, alternative technologies are being sought. Other inorganic fluorides prepared from hydrofluoric acid include sodium fluoride and uranium hexafluoride.

Etchant and Cleaning Agent

In metalworking, hydrofluoric acid is used as a pickling agent to remove oxides and other impurities from stainless and carbon steels because of its limited ability to dissolve steel. It is used in the semiconductor industry as a major component of Wright Etch and buffered oxide etch, which are used to clean silicon wafers. In a similar manner it is also used to etch glass by reacting with silicon dioxide to form gaseous or water-soluble silicon fluorides. It can also be used to polish and frost glass.

SiO₂ + 4 HF → SiF₄(g) + 2 H₂O

SiO₂ + 6 HF → H₂SiF₆ + 2 H₂O

A 5% to 9% hydrofluoric acid gel is also commonly used to etch all ceramic dental restorations to improve bonding. For similar reasons, dilute hydrofluoric acid is a component of household rust stain remover, in car washes in "wheel cleaner" compounds, in ceramic and fabric rust inhibitors, and in water spot removers. Because of its ability to dissolve iron oxides as well as silica-based contaminants, hydrofluoric acid is used in pre-commissioning boilers that produce high-pressure steam.

Niche Applications

Because of its ability to dissolve (most) oxides and silicates, hydrofluoric acid is useful for dissolving rock samples (usually powdered) prior to analysis. In similar manner, this acid is used in acid macerations to extract organic fossils from silicate rocks. Fossiliferous rock may be immersed directly into the acid, or a cellulose nitrate film may be applied (dissolved in amyl acetate), which adheres to the organic component and allows the rock to be dissolved around it.

Diluted hydrofluoric acid (1 to 3 %wt.) is used in the petroleum industry in a mixture with other acids (HCl or organic acids) in order to stimulate the production of water, oil, and gas wells specifically where sandstone is involved.

Hydrofluoric acid is also used by some collectors of antique glass bottles to remove so-called 'sickness' from the glass, caused by acids (usually in the soil the bottle was buried in) attacking the soda content of the glass.

Offset printing companies use hydrofluoric acid to remove unwanted images from printing plates. Felt-tip markers called "deletion pens" are available to make the process safer for the worker.

Health and Safety

Owing to its low acid dissociation constant, HF as a neutral lipid-soluble molecule penetrates tissue more rapidly than typical mineral acids. Because of the ability of hydrofluoric acid to penetrate tissue, poisoning can occur readily through exposure of skin or eyes, or when inhaled or swallowed. Symptoms of exposure to hydrofluoric acid may not be immediately evident, and this can provide false reassurance to victims, causing them to delay medical treatment. Despite having an irritating odor, HF may reach dangerous levels without an obvious smell. HF interferes with nerve function, meaning that burns may not initially be painful. Accidental exposures can go unnoticed, delaying treatment and increasing the extent and seriousness of the injury. Symptoms of HF exposure include irritation of the eyes, skin, nose, and throat, eye and skin burns, rhinitis, bronchitis, pulmonary edema (fluid buildup in the lungs), and bone damage.

In the body, hydrofluoric acid reacts with the ubiquitous biologically important ions Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺. Formation of insoluble calcium fluoride is proposed as the etiology for both precipitous fall in serum calcium and the severe pain associated with tissue toxicity. In some cases, exposures can lead to hypocalcemia. Thus, hydrofluoric acid exposure is often treated with calcium gluconate, a source of Ca²⁺ that sequesters the fluoride ions. HF chemical burns can be treated with a water wash and 2.5% calcium gluconate gel or special rinsing solutions. However, because it is absorbed, medical treatment is necessary; rinsing off is not enough. Intra-arterial infusions of calcium chloride have also shown great effectiveness in treating burns.

Hydrogen fluoride is generated upon combustion of many fluorine-containing compounds such as products containing Viton and polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) parts. Hydrofluorocarbons in automatic fire suppression systems can release hydrogen fluoride at high temperatures, and this has led to deaths from acute respiratory failure in military personnel when a rocket-propelled grenade hit the fire suppression system in their vehicle. Hydrofluoric acid can be released from volcanoes, sea salt aerosol, and from welding or manufacturing processes.

Hydrofluoric acid is also a highly reactive compound and must be stored carefully to prevent dangerous reactions, though it is not flammable. It reacts with bases, acids, and oxidants and attacks glass, ceramics, concrete, some forms of plastic, rubber, and coatings. When combined with methanesulfonic acid or polymerizing cyanogens, it produces explosive gases.

While the acid's body-dissolving effects were grossly exaggerated in the TV series, hydrofluoric acid, or HF, does indeed need to be stored and used in plastic containers as it slowly dissolves many materials, including the fibreglass many modern bathtubs are made of. HF slowly dissolves silicon dioxide -- the major component of most types of glass -- by forming water-soluble hexafluorosilicic acid and gaseous silicon tetrafluoride. Chemists use the acid's ability to etch glass for removing particularly stubborn stains from laboratory glassware and it is an invaluable tool in the semiconductor industry for cleaning silicon wafers.

There are certainly stronger acids than HF -- with a pKa of only 3.2 it is weaker than other hydrohalide acids and a long way off superacidic fluoroantimonic acid with its extraordinary pKa of -25. The reason for HF's meagre acidity is the strong bond between the hydrogen and the fluorine atom, resulting in only partial ionisation in dilute solutions. As is the case with other hydrogen halides, hydrofluoric acid is the aqueous solution of the colourless gas hydrogen fluoride. Commercial hydrofluoric acids contain about 50% HF, the most concentrated ones up to 75%. Interestingly, when the HF concentration approaches 100%, something curious happens: in a process called homoassociation, polyatomic ions such as HF2- and free protons form, leading to a dramatic increase in acidity.

Swedish pharmaceutical chemist Carl Scheele discovered hydrofluoric acid in 1771, when he investigated the composition of a mineral called fluorspar: Calcium fluoride. At a time when the element fluorine was unknown and all acids were thought to contain oxygen, Scheele noticed the glass-etching properties of the fumes that developed when heating fluorspar in sulfuric acid. Leading the fumes into water, he was the first to make large quantities of hydrofluoric acid. The exposure to HF -- along with Scheele's bad habit of tasting and smelling the substances he discovered -- might have been one of the causes for his death at the age of just 43.

It is natural to expect hydrofluoric acid to be corrosive, but to make things worse, HF is also a strong contact poison. The acid readily penetrates the outer layers of the skin and interferes with nerve function -- burns might not be immediately visible and can even remain painless, meaning accidental exposure can remain unnoticed for hours. At the body's neutral pH, hydrofluoric acid dissociates and produces a flood of fluoride ions, which react with the abundant calcium and magnesium ions, forming insoluble salts. Alkaline metal ions are essential for the body's proper function; their loss stops muscles working and corrodes bones. Even relatively small HF burns, about the size of the palm of your hand, can cause an array of unpleasant medical effects such as pulmonary oedema (fluid accumulation in the lungs) and life threatening cardiac arrhythmia (decreased or irregular heartbeat). Doctors treat HF poisoning with calcium gluconate injections or calcium chloride infusions to remove the fluoride ions before they devour the body's own calcium and magnesium.

Sometimes, such as in the case of an unfortunate Australian technician, the acute fluoride poisoning can be fatal. Dissolving rock samples with hydrofluoric acid, the technician spilled a medium-sized beaker of 70% HF onto his lap -- an area of about 10% of his body's total surface. Despite immediately hosing himself and receiving treatment an hour later, the man became unconscious and died of multi organ failure two weeks later.

However, as nasty as HF might sound, a world without hydrofluoric acid would be pretty bleak. It is industry's main source of fluorine -- pharmaceuticals, refrigerants and fluoropolymers such as Teflon all rely on hydrofluoric acid.

Hydrofluoric Acid Poisoning

Hydrofluoric acid poisoning can have direct effects on the heart. It can lead to irregular, and sometimes life-threatening, heartbeats.

People who come into contact with this poison are likely to have a combination of the symptoms listed.

Hydrofluoric acid is especially dangerous. The most common accidents involving hydrofluoric acid cause severe burns on the skin and hands. The burns may be extremely painful. People will have a lot of scarring and some loss of function in the area involved.

Swallowing this poison can have severe effects on many parts of the body. Extensive damage to the mouth, throat, and stomach are possible. Holes (perforations) in the esophagus and stomach may cause serious infections in the chest and abdominal cavities, which may result in death.

Pathophysiology

The 2 mechanisms that cause tissue damage are corrosive burn from the free hydrogen ions and chemical burn from tissue penetration of the fluoride ions. Fluoride ions penetrate and form insoluble salts with calcium and magnesium. Soluble salts also are formed with other cations but dissociate rapidly. Consequently, fluoride ions release, and further tissue destruction occurs.

Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and hydrofluoric acid are extremely corrosive to all tissues of the body. Skin contact results in painful deep-seated burns that are slow to heal. Burns from dilute (<50%) HF solutions do not usually become apparent until several hours after exposure; more concentrated solutions and anhydrous HF cause immediate painful burns and tissue destruction. HF burns pose unique dangers distinct from other acids such as HCl and H2SO4: undissociated HF readily penetrates the skin, damaging underlying tissue; fluoride ion can then cause destruction of soft tissues and decalcification of the bones.

Hydrofluoric acid and HF vapor can cause severe burns to the eyes, which may lead to permanent damage and blindness. At 10 to 15 ppm, HF vapor is irritating to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Exposure to higher concentrations can result in serious damage to the lungs, and fatal pulmonary edema may develop after a delay of several hours. Brief exposure (5 min) to 50 to 250 ppm may be fatal to humans. Ingestion of HF can produce severe injury to the mouth, throat, and gastrointestinal tract and may be fatal. Hydrofluoric acid is a clear, colorless liquid, miscible with water, with an acrid, irritating odor. It is an extremely corrosive liquid and vapor that can cause severe injury via skin and eye contact, inhalation, or ingestion.

Hydrofluoric acid has not been reported to be a human carcinogen. No acceptable animal test reports are available to define the developmental or reproductive toxicity of HF. The OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit is 3 ppm (as fluoride). Anhydrous HF has a vapor pressure of 775 mm Hg at 20℃, while Hydrofluoric acid has a vapor pressure of 14 mm Hg at 20℃ C.

Corrosivity

Hydrofluoric acid attacks glass, concrete, and many metals. It also attacks carbonaceous natural material such as woody materials, leather, and rubber.

Some materials resist the corrosive action of the acid, such as platinum, wax, polypropylene, polyethylene, and Teflon. In contact with metals with which it will react, hydrogen gas is liberated and the danger exists of a spark or flame resulting in an explosion. HF is used in many labs and in the glass shop on a regular basis. It should always be stored in plastic bottles. Containers of HF should be stored in secondary containers made of polyethylene in areas separate from incompatible materials. All work with hydrofluoric acid should be conducted in a fume hood to prevent exposure by inhalation. Splash goggles and Neoprene gloves as well as laboratory coats should be worn at all times to prevent eye and skin contact.

Acid Strength

In this paper, from the view of structure to discuss the problem of HF acid strength, think system of fluorine ion in H2O in the solvent system and HF deep agent system is lead to different states and properties of hydrogen fluoride as solute and as a solvent system is the main factor of different acidity.

Compared with other hydrogen halide, HF acid has many special place, such as the polarity of the largest hydrofluoric acid is a weak acid, pure liquid hydrogen is a kind of strong acid, strong acid such as nitric acid in the liquid hydrogen fluoride becomes accept protons alkali. How to explain the hf acid is not yet well settled up a problem. The order of the strength of halogen acid as chemical materials widely used chemical thermodynamics analysis, think the hydrofluoric acid weak acid is due to H - F key button is too big and strong hydrogen bonds between HF and water (solvent) effect. As for HF concentrated solution of strong acid, general explanation for the HF has two balance in aqueous solution.

However, on the basis of thermodynamic calculation to "explain" the characteristics of HF acid has certain limitations, because it will just Δ G,Δ H and Δ S overall value to the assumptions of process (such as a bond dissociation energy, ionization energy, electron affinity, hydration energy and entropy of hydrate etc.), and the points of the process itself is experimental observations, it is difficult to calculate from the very beginning. Of strong solution thermodynamics calculation is unwise, because by concentration and calculate the ionization constants of concentrated solution acidity and based on the indicator and reflect the effect of acidity.

In conclusion, the F - ions in H2O in the solvent system and HF solvent system is lead to different states and properties of hydrogen fluoride as solute and as a solvent system is the main factor of different acidity.

High Purity Hydrofluoric Acid

Classification

High purity hydrofluoric acid, the formula for HF, the molecular weight is 20.01. Colorless transparent liquid, relative density 1.15 ~ 1.18, the boiling point of 112.2 ℃, smoke in the air stream, stimulating odour, highly toxic. With general metal, metal oxide and hydroxide, generate the various salts. Strong causticity, erosion and silicate glass can generate gaseous silicon tetrafluoride. Soluble in water, alcohol, soluble in other organic solvents.

High purity hydrofluoric acid as acid cleaning, etch, with nitric acid, glacial acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide and ammonium hydroxide configuration USES, mainly used in integrated circuit (IC) and very large scale integrated circuit (VLSI) chip cleaning and corrosion, the microelectronics industry is one of the key basic chemical material in the production process, also can be used as analytical reagent preparation of high purity and containing fluorine chemicals. At present, in China is basically used as etching agent and cleaning agent in the microelectronics industry, less dosage of other aspects.

SEMI International (Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International) standardization organization according to the actual development of high-purity reagent in the worldwide scale, classified according to the varieties, each species incorporated into a guidance standard, including multiple level for different process technology. The domestic some high purity reagent production enterprises have their own standards, among them, BV series standards are common, the standard is divided into seven levels.

At present, due to the different standards for the microelectronics manufacturing enterprise of high purity hydrofluoric acid, it can be divided into four levels: (1) low-grade products, used in > 1.2 mu mIC technology of production; (2) the medium product, suitable for 0.8 ~ 1.2 mu mIC technology of production; (3) in high-grade products, suitable for 0.2 ~ 0.6 mu mIC technology of production; (4) a high grade product, suitable for 0.09 ~ 0.2 microns and < 0.09 mu m IC technology.

Preparation Method and Process

Common purification technology for the preparation of high purity hydrofluoric acid at home and abroad are: distillation, distillation, and boiling distillation, gas absorption technology, such as the purification techniques have different characteristics, different. Some purification techniques such as the boiling distillation technology can only be used for the preparation of the product quantity is little, and some purification techniques such as gas absorption technology can be used in mass production. Therefore, when choosing technology route should be depending on the actual situation. In addition, because the hydrofluoric acid has strong corrosion resistance, the use of distillation process of the distillation equipment used in general need platinum, gold, silver and other precious metals or teflon etc. The capability of corrosion resistance of materials to manufacturing.

High purity hydrogen production unit process arrangement to give priority to with vertical flow, anhydrous hydrofluoric acid raw materials and high pure water in the upper, the purification of hydrofluoric acid in the middle, filtration, packaging and stored in the ground floor. Because the raw material (anhydrous hydrofluoric acid and high pure water) and intermediate can rely on gravity flow from top to bottom, avoid using pump to save energy, reduce the production cost. Here is a kind of distillation, absorption of combining the production technology of producing high purity hydrofluoric acid.

The anhydrous hydrofluoric acid after chemical pretreatment through feeding pump into the high slot, again through flow control into the rectification column, refined after hydrogen fluoride gas is obtained by distillation operation, and turn it into the absorption tower, rectifying column residual liquid made industrial emissions and hydrofluoric acid on a regular basis. In the absorption tower, by adding after measurement, the high pure water, make the distillation of high purity hydrogen fluoride gas formation after hydrofluoric acid, and can be used to control methods such as spray density, gas liquid ratio make further purification, high purity hydrofluoric acid crude product. Then after super clean filtering process, make the product mix and get further filtering, guarantee the particles of qualified products. Finally in purifying indoor packing for final product - high purity hydrofluoric acid.

Impurity arsenic is the need to control an important impurities in high purity hydrofluoric acid, arsenic in hydrofluoric acid raw materials generally exists in the form of three valence, and AsF3 differ with the boiling point of hydrofluoric acid is not big, so only by distillation for the separation effect is not ideal. For arsenic removal of impurities, can be in the process of distillation, adding suitable amount of strong oxidizer (such as potassium permanganate, etc.) will be three valence state of arsenic oxide, make it in the deposit on the tower in the process of distillation kettle and be removed.

Dangers of Hydrofluoric Acid

Hydrofluoric Acid is an acid like no other. It is so potent that contact with it may not even be noticed until long after serious damage has been done. Even very strong acids, and mixtures of acids, like Aqua Forte and Aqua Regia, do not have the power to cause death and injury in the way that Hydrofluoric Acid can.

Why is Hydrofluoric Acid so Dangerous?

Hydrofluoric Acid has two mechanisms that cause tissue damage:

• Corrosive Burns from free hydrogen ions
• Chemical Burns from tissue penetration of the fluoride ion

Fluoride ions penetrate and form insoluble salts with calcium and magnesium. Soluble salts are also formed with other cations but dissociate rapidly. Consequently, fluoride ions release, and further tissue destruction occurs.

Hydrofluoric Acid vs Other Acids

Hydrofluoric acid (HF) differs from other acids because the fluoride ion readily penetrates the skin, causing destruction of deep tissue layers, including bone. Pain associated with exposure to solutions of HF (1-50%) may be delayed for 1-24 hours. If Hydrofluoric Acid is not rapidly neutralized and the fluoride ion bound, tissue destruction may continue for days and result in limb loss or death.

Hydrofluoric Acid is similar to other acids in that the initial extent of a burn depends on the concentration, the temperature, and the duration of contact with the acid.

Mortality/Morbidity

Local effects include tissue destruction and necrosis. Burns may involve underlying bone. Systemic fluoride ion poisoning, from severe burns is associated with hypocalcemia (low calcium levels), hyperkalemia (high potassium levels), hypomagnesemia (low magnesium levels) and sudden death.

Deaths have been reported from concentrated acid burns involving as little as 2.5% Body Surface Area (BSA).

Storing Hydrofluoric Acid

Store in a cool, dry place away from incompatible materials. HF reacts with many materials therefore avoid contact with glass, concrete, metals, water, other acids, oxidizers, reducers, alkalis, combustibles, organics and ceramics.

Store in containers made of polyethylene or fluorocarbon plastic, lead, or platinum. Place storage bottles in polyethylene secondary containment trays.

Spills

Ensure all areas where HF is used are equipped with proper spill response equipment. Small spills can be neutralized by covering with magnesium sulfate (dry) and absorbed with spill control pads or other absorbent materials. Add sodium bicarbonate or magnesium oxide to an absorbent and place in a plastic container for disposal. Wash the spill site with a sodium bicarbonate solution. Or use a commercial spill kit.

If the spill is large, in a confined space, or in an area where there is not adequate ventilation, or if the acid is concentrated evacuate the room and immediately report the spill.

Fire and Explosion Hazard

Hydrogen fluoride is non-combustible, but may create irritating and corrosive fumes of fluorides when heated or in combination with steam or water. Since hydrogen fluoride does not burn, use an extinguishing agent suitable for surrounding fire. Use water to absorb fumes and keep containers cool. Heat released when water or steam combines with hydrogen fluoride or hydrofluoric acid could be hazardous. For fires involving hydrofluoric acid, apply water in flooding quantities. Hydrofluoric acid and various metals may form hydrogen (extremely flammable gas) creating a fire hazard.

Symptoms of Hydrofluoric Acid Burns

The Hydrogen Fluoride molecule is so mobile that it may easily pass through the skin. Because Fluorine has an extremely high affinity for Calcium, bones will be attacked, and this may result in hypocalcaemia. There may be no pain immediately after the burn, leading the injured person to believe that they are not in danger.

Symptoms of Exposure

CONCENTRATIONS LESS THAN 20% - Erythema (skin redness) and pain may be delayed up to 24 hours, often not reported until tissue damage is extreme. In one study, 7% HF produced symptoms in 1 to several hours, 12% Hydrofluoric Acid in less than one hour, and 14.5% Hydrofluoric Acid immediately.

CONCENTRATIONS 20 TO 50% - Erythema and pain may be delayed from 1 to 8 hours, and is often not reported until tissue damage is extreme.

CONCENTRATIONS GREATER THAN 50% - Produces immediate burning, erythema, and tissue damage.

First Aid Measures

Decontamination and First Aid

Immediately remove all exposed clothing taking necessary precautions to prevent self-exposure (wear gloves) while washing all exposed areas with copious amounts of water.

Application of 2.5 to 33% calcium gluconate or carbonate gel or slurry, either placed into a surgical glove into which the affected extremity is then placed, or rubbed into the burn, is recommended.

Hydrofluoric Acid Exposure Kit

Before beginning work involving Hydrofluoric Acid an exposure kit must be available and located in the laboratory area. The exposure kit must contain the following items:

• Container of calcium gluconate gel (inspect before each use)
• 2 pairs of Neoprene or Nitrile (22mil) gloves
• 1 heavy-duty polyethylene bag for contaminated items
• 1 HF Contaminated Waste Label
• Copy of CHP and MSDS to take to the emergency room
• Calcium Carbonate (antacid tablets)

First Aid for Inhalation Exposure

If a large volume of Hydrofluoric Acid gas is inhaled: Immediately remove the victim to clean air. Call emergency services. Inform operator of Hydrofluoric Acid exposure and instruct them to notify hospital. Inhalation of Hydrofluoric Acid fumes may cause swelling in the respiratory tract up to 24 hours after exposure. Persons who have inhaled Hydrofluoric Acid vapors may need prophylactic oxygen treatment and must be seen by a physician as soon as possible.

First Aid Measures for Burns

1. Before the operation of hydrofluoric acid, please carefully check for leaks latex gloves, wash their hands after each operation.
2. Contaminated by hydrofluoric acid, do not panic, timely reporting and department heads immediately with plenty of cold running water for 15-30 minutes, then the affected area is immersed in a saturated solution of magnesium sulfate; easy to immerse immersed saturated magnesium sulfate with a clean dressing after the solution was wet, cold packs placed on top of the best. Every 10 minutes for a dressing.
3. Continuous immersion or cold compresses to the affected area four hours after the magnesium sulfate solution blisters or swelling, should be kept cold state to the professional hospital for disposal.
4. The affected area can not be damaged soaked in magnesium sulfate solution, go to the hospital after the rinse water for disposal.