Potassium Fluoride, uses, solubility and formula

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1. Product Summary of Potassium Fluoride

Product Name: Potassium Fluoride
Synonyms: Anhydrous Potassium Fluoride
CAS NO.: 7789-23-3
Molecular Weight: 58.10
Molecular Formula: KF
CBNumber: CB4237549
Saturated vapor pressure (kPa):133.3Pa (885 DEG C)
Solubility: soluble in water, hydrofluoric acid, liquid ammonia, insoluble in alcohol.
Solubility in water: 44.7g/0 DEG C; 53.5g/10 DEG C; 94.9g/20 DEG C; 108g/30 DEG C; 138g/40 DEG C; 142g/60 DEG C; 150g/80 DEG C;
Single isotope mass: 57.96211 Da
Nominal mass: 58 Da
Average quality: 58.0967 Da
Usage: In the metal finishing, batteries, coatings, photographic chemicals, industrial chemicals. Package: Our potassium fluoride is packaged with aluminum foil bag (20kg/bag) or cardboard drum (75kg/drum), or will be packed upon clients’ requests.

Type of Potassium Fluoride: Potassium fluoride(spray dried).99.5% Min; Potassium fluoride(Granular),99.5% Min; Potassium fluoride,40% solution

Package: 1)20 kg /aluminum foil bag or 75kg/drum (for spray dried KF) 2)25 kg /aluminum foil bag or 25 kg/drum (for Granular KF) 3)1000 L/drum or 20 MT/ISO Tank (for KF,40% solution) Xinxiang Yellow River Fine Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. is the largest manufacturer of Potassium Fluoride in the world. We produce the full series of Potassium Fluoride including spray dried KF, granular KF and KF solution.

2. Basic Information of Potassium Fluoride

Potassium Fluoride, with its CAS registry number 7789-23-3, has other name of Fluorure de potassium. With its molecular formula of KF and molecular weight of 58.1, it has its EINECS number of 232-151-5. Being a kind of crystalline powder with melting point of 858℃, boiling point of 1505℃, KF is soluble in hydrofluoric acid and liquid ammonia while slightly soluble in alcohol and acetone.
Potassium Fluoride has two hydrate compounds, KF•2H2O and KF•4H2O. With a good solubility in water, it absorbs moisture easily, so this chemical shall be stored in sealed container. When comes to its storage, it should be kept in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry, ventilated area, away from acids and alkalis. Besides, this chemical is incompatible with platinum plus bromine trifluoride, and it could react with strong acids to form hydrogen fluoride.
In addition, Potassium Fluoride is widely applied in various fields. KF is a commen raw material for inorganic fluorine industry and can widely be used in the production of agrochemical and pharmaceutical intermediates. KF is also used as metal surface treatment products in electronic industry. In fluorine deficiency area, KF is added to the table salt as a kind of food additive. Moreover, KF can be used in the production of flux products, and also used as preservative, catalyzer and water absorbing agent.

1). Properties of Potassium Fluoride

The other characteristics of Potassium Fluoride (CAS NO.: 7789-23-3) can be summarized as: (1). Specific Gravity: 0.3-0.6; (2) Boiling Point: 1505℃ (2741F); (4) Melting Point: 860℃ (1580F); (5) Vapor Density (Air=1): 2.0.

2). Preparation and Use

Preparation: Potassium Fluoride could be produced through the neutralization method, with the following chemical equation:KOH+HF→KF+H2O.
Use: Potassium Fluoride is widely applied in the preparation for various kinds of organic fluoride. For example, KF could used to promote the processing of the following carbonyl-coupling reaction:

3). Hazard identification of Potassium Fluoride and its according first aid measures:

Hazard identification of Potassium Fluoride are as below:
Skin Contact: Causes severe irritation and possibly burns to the skin. May be absorbed through the skin. Effects may not appear immediately.
Eye Contact: Causes irritation. May be extremely irritating with possible burns to eye tissue and permanent eye damage may result.
Inhalation: May cause irritation and burns to the respiratory tract. May be absorbed through inhalation of dust. Irritation and burning effects may not appear immediately.
Ingestion: May cause salivation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, followed by weakness, tremors, shallow respiration, cardopedal spasm, convulsions, and coma. May cause brain and kidney damage. Death may be caused by respiratory paralysis. Affects heart and circulatory system.
Chronic Exposure: Chronic exposure may cause mottling of teeth and bone damage (osteosclerosis) and fluorosis. Symptoms of fluorisis include brittle bones,weight loss, anemia, calcified ligaments, general ill health and joint stiffness.
Aggravation of Pre-existing Conditions: Populations that appear to be at increased risk from the effects of fluoride are individuals that suffer from diabetes insipidus or some forms of renal impairment.

First aid procedures for contacting Potassium Fluoride should be pre-planned for fluoride compound emergencies.
Skin Contact: Promptly wash with soap and water, rinsing until clean. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. CALL A PHYSICIAN IMMEDIATELY.
Eye Contact: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting lower and upper eyelids occasionally. Get medical attention immediately.
Inhalation: If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. CALL A PHYSICIAN IMMEDIATELY.
Ingestion: Administer milk, chewable calcium carbonate tablets or milk of magnesia. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. CALL A PHYSICIAN IMMEDIATELY.
Note to Physician: For large exposures, systemic effects (hypocalcemia and hypomagnesia) may occur. Potassium can reduce blood pressure and cause coma.

4). Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

The exposure controls and personal protection of Potassium Fluoride are as below:
Airborne Exposure Limits: - OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL): 2.5 mg (F)/m3 (TWA) - ACGIH Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 2.5 mg (F)/m3 (TWA)
Ventilation System: A system of local and/or general exhaust is recommended to keep employee exposures below the Airborne Exposure Limits. Local exhaust ventilation is generally preferred because it can control the emissions of the contaminant at its source, preventing dispersion of it into the general work area. Please refer to the ACGIH document, Industrial Ventilation, A Manual of Recommended Practices, most recent edition, for details.
Personal Respirators (NIOSH Approved): If the exposure limit is exceeded, a half-face dust/mist respirator may be worn for up to ten times the exposure limit or the maximum use concentration specified by the appropriate regulatory agency or respirator supplier, whichever is lowest. A full-face piece dust/mist respirator may be worn up to 50 times the exposure limit, or the maximum use concentration specified by the appropriate regulatory agency, or respirator supplier, whichever is lowest. For emergencies or instances where the exposure levels are not known, use a full-facepiece positive-pressure, air-supplied respirator. WARNING: Air-purifying respirators do not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres.
Skin Protection: If dealing with Potassium Fluoride, wear impervious protective clothing, including boots, gloves, lab coat, apron or coveralls, as appropriate, to prevent skin contact.
Eye Protection: If contact with Potassium Fluoride, use chemical safety goggles and/or full face shield where dusting or splashing of solutions is possible. Maintain eye wash fountain and quick-drench facilities in work area.
In addition, if in the event of a fire, wear full protective clothing and NIOSH-approved self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in the pressure demand or other positive pressure mode.

5). Descriptors of Structure of Potassium Fluoride

(1)SMILES:[F-].[K+]
(2)Std. InChI:InChI=1S/FH.K/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
(3)Std. InChIKey:NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M

6). Toxicity Information of Potassium Fluoride

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Source
frog	LDLo	subcutaneous	420mg/kg (420mg/kg)	Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et de Ses Filiales. Vol. 124, Pg. 133, 1937.
guinea pig	LDLo	oral	250mg/kg (250mg/kg)	"Merck Index; an Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals", 11th ed., Rahway, NJ 07065, Merck & Co., Inc. 1989Vol. 11, Pg. 1214, 1989.
mouse	LD50	intraperitoneal	40030ug/kg (40.03mg/kg)	Deutsche Zahnaerztliche Zeitschrift. Vol. 34, Pg. 484, 1979.
rat	LD50	intraperitoneal	64mg/kg (64mg/kg)	U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, University of Rochester, Research and Development Reports. Vol. UR-154, Pg. 1951,
frog	LD50	oral	245mg/kg (245mg/kg)	U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, University of Rochester, Research and Development Reports. Vol. UR-154, Pg. 1951,

Potassium fluoride Computational chemistry data

1. Calculation reference value of hydrophobic parameter (XlogP): no

2, hydrogen bond donor number: 0

3, the number of hydrogen bonding receptor: 1

4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 0

5, the number of variants: None

6, topological molecular polarity surface area (TPSA): 0

7, the number of heavy atoms: 2

8 surface charge: 0

9 complexity: 2

10 isotope number: 0

11. Determine the number of atomic centers: 0

12. The number of atoms in the center of the atom is determined: 0

13. Determine the number of chemical bond centers: 0

14. The number of chemical bond centers is not determined: 0

15. Unit number of covalent bonds: 2

Potassium fluoride Related compounds

Other anions

Potassium chloride

Potassium bromide

Potassium iodide

Potassium astatide

Other cations

Lithium fluoride

Sodium fluoride

Rubidium fluoride

Caesium fluoride

Francium fluoride

potassium fluoride solution Product Overview

Solvay Fluorides, LLC does not sell potassium fluoride solution (KF) directly to consumers.Most potassium fluoride solution is used in industrial applications and processes.

3. Product Uses

Potassium fluoride solution is used for pH adjustment in industrial textile processing facilities or laundries. It is also an intermediate or raw material used in other chemical synthesis or processes;most often for agrichemical or pesticide products. Recently, potassium fluoride has been used to promote the synthesis of 1,2-oxazoline derivative, fluorination, Suzuki coupling and synthesis of thiophene derivatives.

For glass engraving, food preservation, plating.
Can be used as welding flux, insecticide, catalyst, absorbent (absorb HF and moisture).
Can be used as the fluorinated agent of organic compounds.

Most often for agrichemical or pesticide products. Potassium fluoride is sold in an aqueous (water)solution.Potassium fluoride solution is corrosive and contact can severely irritate and burn the skin or eyes causing possible eye damage. Breathing potassium fluoride solution vapors can irritate and burn the nose, throat, and lungs. Chronic exposure to KF may cause nosebleeds, cough, wheezing and shortness of breath. When heated potassium fluoride solution releases hydrogen fluoride, a toxic,corrosive gas.

Inhalation or ingestion of large amounts of potassium fluoride solution can cause nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite. Exposure to high concentrations or long term exposure can cause fluoride poisoning with stomach pain, weakness, convulsions and death. Long term or repeated exposures can cause deposits of fluorides in bones and teeth, a condition called fluorosis. Fluorosis may cause pain, disability and discoloration of teeth.

Potassium fluoride Uses References

《Potassium fluoride improving the ignition and combustion performance of micron-sized aluminum particles in high temperature water vapor》, Wei Shi,Baoxin Dai,Baozhong Zhu,Yunlan Sun &Ying Chen, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects Volume 45, 2023 - Issue 2

To improve the ignition and combustion characteristics and combustion efficiency of micron-sized aluminum particle in high temperature water vapor atmosphere, a self-designed tube furnace setup was used to study the effects of potassium fluoride (KF) on the ignition and combustion characteristics of micron-sized aluminum particle in high temperature water vapor.

《Effect of silver diamine fluoride/potassium iodide treatment on the prevention of dental erosion in primary teeth: an in vitro study, Lamia Khairy Gadallah》, Engie Mohamed Safwat, Reham Sayed Saleh, Shereen Musa Azab & Maha Moussa Azab , BDJ Open volume 9, Article number: 24 (2023)

The application of potassium iodide KI following SDF was supposed to reduce the potential staining caused by SDF application by scavenging the free silver ions and forming a creamy white silver iodide precipitate.

Exposure Potential

Workplace Exposure - Potassium fluoride is corrosive and toxic by ingestion, inhalation or contact with skin and eyes. Exposures can occur at a potassium fluoride manufacturing facility or a manufacturing, packaging or storage facility that handles KF. Exposure may also occur in the event of a transportation incident. Persons involved in maintenance, sampling and testing activities, or in the loading and unloading of KF containers are at greater risk of exposure.

Following good industrial hygiene practices will minimize the likelihood of KF exposure;however, persons involved in higher risk activities should always wear proper personal

protective equipment such as rubber gloves and boots, goggles and a hard hat. In instances where the potential for splashes is high, a face shield should also be worn.

Exposure limits for potassium bifluoride (per OSHA, ACGIH, and other agencies) are listed as the “fluoride” content rather than as KBF specifically. Please consult the Safety Data Sheet for information concerning exposure limits.

Consumer Exposure to Products Containing Potassium Fluoride Solution - Solvay Fluorides, LLC does not sell potassium fluoride solution directly to consumers although it may be used in some consumer cleaning products. The user should use these products in strict adherence with the manufacturer’s use and/or label instructions.

Environmental Releases - Spills of potassium fluoride solution should be contained and isolated from waterways and sewers or drains. The contaminated area should be washed down with plenty of water. Lime or calcium hydroxide may be used to neutralize contaminated water and immobilize the fluoride ions as calcium fluoride. Disposal should be in accordance with applicable local, state or federal regulations. Persons attempting to clean up potassium fluoride solution spills should wear proper personal protective equipment (see guidelines in Workplace Exposure section of this document or Safety Data Sheet). If required, report spills to the appropriate state or federal authorities.Fires - Fires involving potassium fluoride solution should be extinguished using measures appropriate to the circumstances and surrounding environment. Hazardous decomposition products such as hydrogen fluoride vapor can be generated if KF is involved in a fire. Fire fighters should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective suits.

For additional information concerning potassium fluoride solution emergency response procedures,please consult the Safety Data Sheet.

Health Information

Concentrations of potassium fluoride solution typically found in consumer products may pose risk of symptoms due to skin, ingestion or inhalation exposure. Persons suffering from eye or ingestion exposure to consumer strength potassium fluoride solution products may experience symptoms similar to persons exposed to industrial strength potassium fluoride solution (see below).

Exposures to potassium fluoride solutions can produce the following adverse health affects:

Contact - Skin exposures can cause symptoms ranging from minor skin irritation to painful redness and swelling. Severe burns can occur if treatment is delayed after exposure to potassium fluoride solution. Eye exposure to potassium fluoride solution may result in severe eye irritation, burns or even blindness.

Inhalation - The inhalation of potassium fluoride solution vapors can cause symptoms ranging from nose and throat irritation to coughing and difficulty breathing. Aspiration may cause pulmonary edema (fluid on the lungs) and pneumonitis (inflammation of the lungs). Repeated or prolonged exposures may cause sore throat, nosebleeds and chronic bronchitis. Prolonged exposure may cause hypocalcemia (reduced calcium levels) with nervous problems (tetany)and cardiac arrhythmia (irregular heart beat) and /or spasms.

Ingestion - The ingestion of potassium fluoride solution may cause burns of the mouth and throat and perforation of the esophagus and stomach. Nausea, bloody vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, swelling of the throat, loss of consciousness, coma and heartfailure can also occur.

Other Effects - The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has not determined sodium fluoride solution to be carcinogenic (cancer causing).For more information on health effects and routes of exposure, or for information concerning proper first aid measures, please consult the Safety Data Sheet.

Environmental Information

Potassium fluoride solution is not known to bioaccumulate or persist in the environment for more than a few days. For more ecological and environmental information concerning this product, please consult the Safety Data Sheet.

Physical Hazard Information

Potassium fluoride solution is corrosive and can corrode some metals. It is not flammable or explosive.Exposure of potassium fluoride solution to strong acids, strong bases, metals, glass or high temperatures can cause decomposition. Decomposition of potassium fluoride solution will result in the liberation of hydrogen fluoride gas.

For more information concerning the physical hazards of this product, please consult the Safety Data Sheet.

Regulatory Information

potassium fluoride and Sodium fluoride

potassium fluoride and Sodium fluoride is white crystal having a rock-salt structure. Sodium fluoride is indissolvable in water (100℃, 5g/100ml water), and potassium fluoride is hygroscopic, it is easily dissolved in water (at 18℃ of 92.3g /100g water). Potassium fluoride has dihydrate (mp41℃) and tetrahydrate (mp19.3℃).

Sodium fluoride and potassium fluoride is different with other alkali halide salts (such as sodium chloride), it is alkaline, addition reaction with hydrogen fluoride is easy and can generate acid salt.

Sodium fluoride and potassium fluoride can use sodium or potassium carbonate, respectively, it can be obtained by neutralization reaction with hydrofluoric acid by calculated amount, if the hydrofluoric acid is in excess, it will bring in acid salts (sodium acid NaHF2 acid or potassium fluoride KHF2).

K2CO3 + 2HF → 2KF + H2O + CO2 KF + HF → KHF2.

Sodium fluoride is prepared by reaction of sodium fluoride and sodium hydroxide solution in industry.

Na2SiF6 + 6NaOH → 6NaF + Na2SiO3 + 3H2O

Sodium fluoride is the most affordable of the alkali metal fluoride, it can be used as adsorbent of hydrogen fluoride in atomic energy industry and other aspects for it has the capable of forming an acid salt with hydrogen fluoride.

When potassium fluoride and sodium fluoride compares, it is more easily dissociated in various solvents. Due to it is ease to generate fluoride ions (F-) and therefore it can be used as the organic fluorinating agent, especially with the halogen exchange fluorination reagent.

RCl + KF → RF + KCl

And more recently for taking use of fluoride ions strongly bound with hydrogen ions, it can be used in organic reaction with potassium fluoride for gradually condensing agent use.

Potassium hydrogen fluoride

Potassium hydrogen fluoride is known as "potassium hydrogen fluoride", "acid potassium fluoride," "heavy potassium fluoride" it is hydrofluoric acid salt. Chemical formula is KHF2. Molecular weight is 78.11. It is colorless isometric system crystal, it is easy deliquescence. It is toxic! The relative density is 2.369g /cm3. It is easy soluble in water, it is soluble in potassium acetate, it is not soluble in ethanol. Aqueous solution is acidic, it is strongly corrosive for glass and ceramics. It can decompose when be heated to about 225℃. It can absorb moisture and release hydrogen fluoride in the humid air.

Method: It can be derived when potassium hydroxide or potassium carbonate react with sufficient amount hydrofluoric acid, or adds hydrofluoric acid into saturated solution of potassium fluoride, and controls the terminal pH 2 to 3.

Uses: Electrolysis of molten potassium hydrogen fluoride can obtain fluorine. It can be used for manufacturing fluoride and fluorine, carved glass, also used as masking agent, metallurgical flux, preservatives industry.

Regulations may exist that govern the manufacture, sale, export, import, storage, transportation,use and/or disposal of this chemical. These regulations can vary by city, state, country or geographic region. Information may be found by consulting the relevant Safety Data Sheet specific to your country or region.

Xinxiang Yellow River Fine Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. is the largest manufacturer of Potassium Fluoride in the world. Xinxiang Yellow River produce the full series of Potassium Fluoride including spray dried KF, granular KF and KF solution.
Potassium fluoride is the chemical compound with formula KF [CAS: 7789-23-3]. KF is a crystalline powder with m.w. of 58.10, melting piont of 858℃, boiling point of 1505℃ and density of 2.481 g/cm3. KF is insolube in alcohol but have a good solubility in water. It absorbs moisture easily and shall be stored in sealed container. KF is the primary source of the fluoride ion for applications in chemical reactions. Aqueous solution of KF is alkaline and will etch glass. As a result, KF is a commen raw material for inorganic fluorine industry and can widely be used in the production of agrochemical and pharmaceutical intermediates. KF is also used as metal surface treatment products in electronic industry. In fluorine deficiency area, KF is added to the table salt as a kind of food additive. In addition, KF can be used in the production of flux products, and also used as preservative, catalyzer and water absorbing agent.
Our potassium fluoride is packaged with aluminum foil bag (20kg/bag) or cardboard drum (75kg/drum), or will be packed upon clients’ requests.

Effect of potassium fluoride on the micellar behavior of Pluronic F-68 in aqueous solution

The cloud point of Pluronic F68, a triblock copolymer of the type PEO/PPO/PEO with average composition EO78PO30EO78, is reduced by 50-degrees-C when 1.0 M KF is added to the aqueous solution. The aggregation properties are also affected. The size of the unimers and micelles in the solution, as estimated from diffusion coefficients, determined by dynamic light scattering and NMR self-diffusion measurements, or molecular weights from static light scattering, are similar with and without salt present, but the growth of the micelles starts at a lower temperature-25-degrees-C in 1.0 M KF, 44-degrees-C in water, values from extrapolation to zero concentration-and continues over a wider temperature range in the salt solution. The intrinsic viscosity indicates that the micelles are less compact-more solvated-than those formed by the more hydrophobic members of the Pluronics family but become less solvated with increasing temperature than PEO fractions of similar molecular weight.

Solventless Suzuki Coupling Reactions On Palladium-Doped Potassium Fluoride Alumina

A solventless Suzuki coupling reaction has been developed which utilizes a commercially available potassium fluoride alumina mixture and palladium powder. The new reaction is convenient, environmentally friendly, and generates good yields of the coupled products. Aryl iodides react faster than the bromides or chlorides; aryl groups are also more reactive than alkenyl groups, which react faster than alkyl groups. The use of microwave irradiation accelerates the reaction, decreasing reaction times from hours to minutes. The palladium powder catalyst can be recycled using a simple filtration and washing sequence without loss of catalytic activity.

The main application industry of anhydrous potassium fluoride

Anhydrous potassium fluoride is widely used in medicine, pesticides, and other industries have a lot of fuel can be used to replace other halogen aromatic ring to synthesize intermediate fluoride agent, which is applied to the field of potassium fluoride greatly. As fluoride, potassium fluoride in alkaline catalyst in organic synthesis, for the metallurgical industry is made of tantalum additives, also used for brazing flux production of silver, aluminum and other alloys, because potassium fluoride removal effect of oxide film, but also in the use of metal rust agent, complexing agent, glass etching liquid, adhesive, help solvent, analytical reagent etc.. Anhydrous potassium fluoride can also be used as an absorbent to absorb hydrogen fluoride and water, and for the synthesis of other potassium salts. Used for the production of potassium fluoride and sodium fluoroacetate fluoroacetamide pesticides, but the pesticide was banned because of security issues.

The most important use of potassium fluoride is to produce fluorine containing intermediates. Mainly used for medicine, pesticide, dye, liquid crystal and other intermediates, in which fluorine containing approximately 60% intermediates for synthesis of pharmaceuticals, 35% fluorine-containing intermediates for the synthesis of pesticides, dyes, liquid crystal and other intermediate consumption accounted for only 5%. Potassium fluoride as fluorinating agent, mainly used for other halogen atom replacement on the aromatic ring, so its downstream products are mainly for the one or two and three fluorine substituted benzene derivatives, pyridine derivatives, fluorine fluorine biphenyl derivatives of aromatic compounds. It is estimated that in 2011, China's pharmaceutical and pesticide intermediates in the field of consumption of anhydrous potassium fluoride more than 40 thousand tons, is expected by 2015 will increase to more than 50 thousand tons, this part of the product consumption is high activity anhydrous potassium fluoride.

Potassium fluoride second application fields is flux, flux is mainly silver solder and aluminum solder, because the fluorine ion complexation of metal ions such as aluminum oxide film removal effect, and can prevent re oxidation and wet surface, enhanced capillary action. China solder industry is an industry with excess capacity. As far as silver brazing filler, brazing flux and brazing flux of aluminium are concerned, the output in recent years has little change. At present, there are more than 40 production enterprises for welding flux, which consumes about 6000 tons of potassium fluoride annually.

Potassium fluoride is also used to tantalum niobium industry in tantalum wet extraction from ores when (sometimes using potassium chloride), using hydrofluoric acid leaching ore production fluorotantalate precipitate, potassium fluorotantalate by alkali neutralization with potassium fluoride or potassium chloride cold crystallization, can also be directly neutralized with potassium hydroxide precipitation. The amount of tantalum in the world is about 2000 tons per year, and the output of our country accounts for 1/3 of the total. This industry consumes potassium fluoride at 1000-2000 tons per year.

In addition, potassium fluoride is used in metal rust agent, complexing agent, glass etching liquid, binder, solvent and so on, because the actual effect is fluoride potassium fluoride solution, the general can also be made of other more fluoride instead of cheap.

Application range and safety precautions of potassium fluoride for industrial use

Industrial anhydrous potassium fluoride in organic synthesis as alkaline catalyst, the flux is in the metallurgical industry, related work can also be completed derusting agent and complexing agent, with high activity, low dosage, the use scope is wide, but the product also has a certain toxicity, when used to in strict accordance with the operation process to use and control.

Health hazards: the product itself has a neutral poison, very high irritation, mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract, eyes, skin tissue has a very strong destructive effect. After inhalation can be due to inflammation of the throat and bronchi, edema, convulsions, chemical pneumonia, pulmonary edema and death. The poisoning was manifested by burning sensation, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis, shortness of breath, headache, nausea and vomiting.

Potassium fluoride in industry is irritating, and its toxicity can seriously damage mucous membranes, skin and so on. It should be dealt with according to specific pollution. Skin contact: remove contaminated clothing immediately and rinse with plenty of flowing water for at least 15 minutes. Medical treatment. Eye contact: lift your eyelids immediately and rinse thoroughly with plenty of flowing water or saline for at least 15 minutes. Medical treatment. Inhalation: quickly escape from the scene to the fresh air. Keep airway clear. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If breathing stops, take artificial respiration immediately. Medical treatment. If swallowed, with plenty of water gargle, to drink milk or egg white, doctor.

The main difference between high activity anhydrous potassium fluoride and common anhydrous potassium fluoride

1. high activity anhydrous potassium fluoride has high purity and uniform particle size, and its specificity is high activity, high yield, low dosage and low yield in organic fluorination reaction. An expensive phase transfer catalyst that can be used in place of fluorination reactions.

2. high activity of anhydrous potassium fluoride and potassium fluoride is mainly in the way of making the proportion of different results also have different proportion of the former is about 0.3 to about 1.2 as the latter is the former better reagent

3. high activity potassium fluoride generally refers to the spray drying of potassium fluoride, its particle radius is small, the specific surface area is large, whether in terms of kinetics, reactivity, or thermodynamic stability is higher than ordinary potassium fluoride many orders of magnitude.

4. high active potassium fluoride specific surface area of 13 square meters of ordinary /g; potassium fluoride specific surface area between 0.04-0.13 meters /g.

Why is potassium fluoride, Kg, more stable than the elements potassium and fluoride that comprise it?

Best Answer: potassium fluoride kf is more stable as a compound is formed to attain stability , bond formation takes place only if the new compound is more stable or if an excess of energy is given

potassium has 1 valence electron and it needs to loose it so that it attains noble gas config

fluorine has 7 valence electron and needs 1 to attain noble gas config so k looses one and f gains one to form kf

Why sodium or potassium fluoride used an alcohol blood test?

Best Answer: If you are talking about Potassium Fluoride, it is an agent that helps prevent foreign things from growing within the blood sample.

Separately, Sodium Fluoride and Potassium Oxalate do little, but together they inhibit the breakdown of glucose in the blood. In this mixture, Potassium Oxalate acts as the anticoagulant. This, in essence, preserves the blood to be able to test at a later time.

Bromine and aqueous potassium fluoride, reaction?

Best Answer: Bromine(Br) is less electronegative than Fluorine(F). Hence Br can not take up elctrons from F. Thus no reaction occurs between Bromine(Br2) and Potassium Fluoride(KF).

This is because in Br2 ( liquid) bromine is in zero oxidation state and in KF, F is in -1 oxidation state.

What is the balanced formula for the compound potassium fluoride and how did you come up with it ?

Best Answer:

Ok, first what do we know?

We know that we have a compound containing two elements, potassium and flourine.

If you look to the first period (vertical column) on the periodic table, you see that potassium (K) has a +1 charge.

Now, look to the element flourine. We see it has a -1 charge. The overall compound must be neutral, since it's not an ion. So we put the two together and get KF.

Now, look at the charge: the K brings a +1, the F brings a -1

Add them up, +1 - 1 = 0

So the final formula is: KF

if you had asked about Calcium chloride, it would have been CaCl2

Why? Calcium brings in a +2 charge, while chlorine brings in a -1.

In order for the overall charge to be 0, we need 2 chlorine atoms.

+2 -(1*2) = 0

Why does calcium sulfide have a higher melting point that potassium fluoride?

Best Answer: Because calcium sulfide, CaS, have a charge value of 2 and in potassium fluoride, KF, a charge value of 1Ca 2+ and S 2-K 1+ and F 1-

A higher charge value means a stronger attraction between the ions and therefore a higher melting point which is 2525 deg Celsius for CaS and 870 deg Celsius for KF.

Difference between Stannous fluoride and Potassium Nitrate?

Best Answer: I'm sorry to hear about your sensitive teeth.

Let me answer your questions.

1. Stannous fluoride does not repair enamel but it incorporates into the enamel and changes it from hydroxyapatite to fluoroapatite which is more resistant to acid damage from the bacteria in dental plaque and it IS recommended topically to help prevent cavities. The closest thing to repairing enamel is that it may help remineralize decalcified enamel.

2. Potassium nitrate has no effect on repairing enamel or caries prevention. It is recommended as a topical desensitizer for sensitive teeth.

3. A tooth with worn down enamel can be repaired with other materials such as with fillings or crowns. Once the enamel is gone, you don't get it back.

4. For sensitive teeth you need to use a toothpaste labeled for sensitive teeth, and I would choose one that has potassium nitrate, not stannous fluoride.

Also, you need to apply the toothpaste at least 4 or more times each day if you want it to be effective. I know the instructions say twice a day, but twice is not effective.